Jurnal Sylva Lestari

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2024-10-25T13:57:07+07:00

2024-11-05T12:47:28+07:00

The Impact of Increasing Nickel Production on Forest and Environment in Indonesia: A Review

2024-04-17T10:55:43+07:00

The history of nickel mining in Indonesia began in the Verbeek Mountains in Sulawesi in 1901. The finding of nickel and its extraction occurred in the Netherlands, making it the pioneering site for this ore. Also, the substantial rise in the extraction of natural resources like nickel through mining would inevitably profoundly influence forests, which serve as the core of the ecosystem for both flora and fauna. This study aims to determine the consequences of the growing nickel production on Indonesia’s forests and environment. It involves examining the alterations in the forests due to the increased nickel production and evaluating the broader environmental effects. The research method used in this research is a literature review. This technique seeks to analyze, assess, and interpret diverse research findings to examine them within the investigated subject’s framework. The research result of this investigation demonstrates that the escalating nickel production in Indonesia is detrimental to forests and the environment, leading to deforestation, degradation of habitats, and contamination of the air and soil. These alterations present immediate hazards to human well-being, such as respiratory problems and effects on agricultural output. It is crucial to evaluate and improve the methods used for nickel production and adopt sustainable management strategies to reduce the negative impacts on the environment and protect both the ecosystem and human welfare.

Keywords: ecosystem pollution, deforestation, forest management, nickel mining, water pollution

Biological Deterioration of Wooden Components of Balla Lompoa Ri Galesong in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

2024-04-17T14:31:22+07:00

Balla Lompoa Ri Galesong, known well as the traditional house of the Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi, has become a historical building in Indonesia. Nowadays, it still functions as a residence for the royal family, a repository for historical artifacts, and a venue for annual cultural performances. Maintaining and protecting buildings from damaging factors is crucial to maintaining their life and function. This research focuses on detecting the damage characteristics of wooden parts of buildings, identifying biological deterioration agents, and assessing the level of infestation. Data collection uses the visual detection method. The results showed that the activities of biodeterioration agents, namely subterranean termites (Microcerotermes serrula), drywood termites (Cryptotermes), powder-post beetles, wood-staining fungi, and wood-decaying fungi found on pillars, windows, doors, walls, floors, and ceiling. Most pillars are targets of attacks by wood-destroying organisms, characterized by the highest attack intensity (70.13%) and the moderate category in the degree of attack (50–74). Understanding and mitigating the damage to historic buildings is critical for implementing effective preventive measures.

Keywords: Balla Lompoa Ri Galesong, biodeterioration agents, cultural heritage, wood biodeterioration

Hybrid Biopellets Characterization of Gamal Wood (Gliricidia sepium) and Robusta Coffee Husk at Various Compositions

2024-05-23T12:37:10+07:00

Biopellets from gamal wood (Gliricidia sepium) as a biomass energy resource could be an alternative to replace fossil fuels due to having met standards based on moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon, calorific value, and density. Unfortunately, they still had high levels of volatile matter. Robusta coffee husk was a material with high nitrogen content, which is suspected of being able to bind aromatic substances in volatile organic compounds. This study aims to evaluate the quality of biopellets and determine the optimum composition of the biopellets from gamal wood and coffee husk. The blended composition of gamal wood and coffee husk biopellets studied were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The biopellets were manufactured using the material size of 40-60 mesh with a pressure of 173.51 MPa. The best biopellet was produced in the composition of 75% gamal wood and 25% coffee husk, with a density of 0.85 g/cm³, moisture content of 8.03%, ash content of 3.92%, volatile substances of 78.01%, fixed carbon of 18.07%, and calorific value of 4,176 cal/g. The biopellet quality met the standards of SNI 8021:2014 and EN 14061-2, except for ash content. Adding coffee husk reduced gamal wood biopellet’s volatile matter, increasing the fixed carbon and density of gamal wood biopellets.

Keywords: alkali immersion, bamboo, bio-composite, oriented strand board, pre-treatment

Indonesian Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume) as Promising Medicinal Resources: A Review

2024-04-25T16:18:22+07:00

Cinnamomum burmanni (Lauraceae) is one of the Cinnamomum species native to Indonesia. Given the worldwide use of cinnamon, the famous spice derived from its bark, cinnamon is also considered to possess medicinal properties. Consequently, a comprehensive review of C. burmanni was conducted to explore its medicinal benefits. This paper reviews several studies on the traditional use of C. burmanni in Indonesia, its phytochemistry, and its pharmacological properties. Traditionally, C. burmanni is utilized not only as spices but also for medicinal purposes, food ingredients, and ritual purposes. The bark is the most commonly used part, while few other parts of the plant are used. Several phytochemical compounds of C. burmanni have been identified. C. burmanni also has been reported to exhibit a wide range of biological activities. From those studies, it can be concluded that the medicinal use of C. burmanni’s bark has been scientifically validated due to its rich content of active compounds. Furthermore, other parts of C. burmanni should be analyzed to determine their content of active compounds.

Keywords: active compound, Cinnamomum burmanni, medicinal plant, spice, traditional medicine

Growth Pattern and Survival of Mangrove Seedlings on the Coast of Peunaga Cut Ujong, West Aceh

2024-06-30T16:29:11+07:00

Mangroves are coastal ecosystems with different abilities to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Habitat characteristics that continue to change cause morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations of mangrove species. This study aims to observe the survival and growth rate of Rhizhopora mucronata in Peunaga Cut Ujong, Meurebo, West Aceh. The mangroves were planted in 2022 and observed one year after planting. The observation and data collection of 35 tree samples were conducted every two weeks. The results showed a decrease in the survival rate from the third month of observation until the end, showing a decrease of 78%. In contrast, tree growth increased from months 1 to 5. Salinity conditions and substrates dominated by sand with minimal nutrients indicate adaptation to the growth of some relatively small mangrove species. Fluctuating salinity conditions with the dominance of sand have the potential to support the survival of R. mucronata, although with low growth. Its main influence still needs to be studied over a longer period.

Keywords: adaptations, growth, morphometrics, salinity

Utilization of Tannins with Various Polymers for Green-Based Active Packaging: A Review

2024-04-30T17:02:08+07:00

Tannin is a major polyphenolic secondary metabolite widely distributed in the forestry sector and can be added to polymer matrices to manufacture bioactive films for food packaging. Tannins have functional properties as antioxidants, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatories. Tannins are classified into two types, namely condensed tannins and hydrolyzable tannins. Tannins have been used primarily in food, wood, leather, pharmaceutical, and other industries. In the food industry, tannins are used to develop food packaging, preservation, and the function of the food industry. Tannin molecules have the advantage of combining with polymers or polymer surfaces, for example, synthetic polymers, biopolymers, and micro- and nano-sized fibers, which will form new products whose physical and chemical properties increase in functional properties because of the presence of hydrophilic and nucleophilic groups. Combining tannins with a polymer can be done by one-step reactive extrusion, layer by layer, dynamic vulcanization, acetylation, and in situ extraction methods. This paper describes general information about tannins, followed by applications using tannins, tannin-based hybrid materials, and methods of combining tannins with a polymer for food packaging purposes.

Keywords: active packaging, bioactive film, polymer, secondary metabolite, tannins

Quality Evaluation of Fast-Growing Wood Impregnated with Nano-Silica Synthesized from Betung Bamboo Stems

2024-06-13T14:05:07+07:00

Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen.) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) are fast-growing wood of low quality. This study aims to overcome the disadvantages of low-quality wood via impregnation using monoethylene glycol (MEG), and nano-silica synthesized from betung bamboo stems (Dendrocalamus asper). Nano-silica was obtained by the ultrasonication method, with the average size and zeta potential at 93 nm and -44.21 mV, respectively. This study used five different solutions: untreated, 50% MEG, MEG-Silica 0.5%, MEG-Silica 0.75%, and MEG-Silica 1%. The impregnation process began when a vacuum of 0.5 bar was applied for 60 minutes and continued with a pressure of 2.5 bar for 120 minutes. The results showed that sengon and jabon experienced an increase in quality as seen from the parameters of weight percent gain, specific gravity, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, hardness, color brightness, and durability against dry wood and subterranean termites. Besides, the strength and durability classes of both kinds of wood also improved to III and IV, respectively, with the solution’s concentration gradually increasing. Based on the results, MEG-Silica 1% is the most influential solution in improving the physical-mechanical properties and durability of sengon and jabon wood.

Keywords: Anthocephalus cadamba, Dendrocalamus asper, impregnation, nano-silica, Paraserianthes falcataria

The Response Dynamics of Various Bird Species to Recreational Activities and Nature Tourism in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

2024-07-26T15:11:11+07:00

Tourist activities in forest areas can potentially disturb wildlife, including bird species. One of the responses to such disturbances is avoidance. This study aimed to investigate and analyze the tolerance levels of various bird species to recreational disturbances in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia. The method used in this research involved “dummy tourist activities” that varied by the distance tourists walked to the birds, the number of tourists, and the noise made by tourists. The results showed that forest birds had a maximum tolerance distance for tourist activities of around 10 m, while attractive birds had a maximum tolerance distance of around 20 m. The closest distance for tourists to observe all bird species was 5 m. It is concluded that all bird species had avoidance responses to various human or tourist disturbances. Raptors and colorful birds had low tolerance responses; songbirds had a medium tolerance, and forest birds had a high tolerance. Information on the response dynamics of various bird species to recreational activities is useful for creating tourism site planning and landscape design based on ecological wildlife carrying capacity.

Keywords: avoidance response, birdwatching, disturbance response, ecotourism, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park

Management Strategies of a Productive Waqf-Based Forest in Bogor, Indonesia

2024-07-04T10:26:01+07:00

Waqf-based forest is developed on waqf land and is now being developed in Indonesia. It combines Islamic principles with environmental conservation, as being waqf assets, a forest is prohibited from being sold, given, or inherited. An effective management strategy is crucial to ensure waqf-based forest productivity and sustainability. Some research has already been conducted, but the specific dimension remains unexplored. This study aims to identify essential aspects and effective management strategies to escalate waqf-based forest benefits. Using a comprehensive approach, this study combines a literature study, in-depth interviews, and a study case in Bogor Waqf Forest, Bogor Regency, Indonesia. The findings were analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), followed by Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and further in-depth interviews as the validation process. There are six important considerations to optimize waqf-based forest management: legal, ecological, Islamic, economical, social, and aesthetic. The land’s legal status as waqf assets is recognized as the most crucial aspect to avoid possible conflict and sustainability in the future. Then, the following considerations are improved ecological and Islamic activities aspects, economic strategies, and social and aesthetic consecutively. This research is expected to provide a deeper investigation of the future management strategies for waqf-based forests.

Keywords: agroforestry, analytic hierarchy process, management, sustainability, waqf-based forest

Preferences of Indonesian Birdwatchers Toward Locations, Target Birds, and Buddies

2024-06-13T13:22:02+07:00

Birdwatching focuses on observing wild birds. Nevertheless, previous studies were still focused on the supply aspect. Meanwhile, the demand aspect is still limited, including in Indonesia. Furthermore, understanding birdwatchers’ preferences can lead to market segmentation. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the preferences of Indonesian birdwatchers towards location, bird targets, and buddies. Data on the demographics and preferences of Indonesian birdwatchers were collected from 1,203 respondents using an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square and the Generalized Linear Model. The results revealed that most respondents prefer destinations outside the biogeographic region, with Papua being the most preferred location. Overall, birds of the Paradisaeidae family were chosen by the largest number of respondents, followed by the Accipritidae family. Variables that significantly influence the preference of birdwatching destination based on the distance taken, age, domicile, income, organization, and expertise of the birdwatchers. Locations that are further away attract young respondents who live in urban areas, have higher incomes, are members of organizations, and have high birdwatching skills. The bird species and locations preferred by the birdwatcher can be used as a basis for developing birdwatching destinations according to the birdwatcher’s preferences.

Keywords: bird, birdwatching, demographic, location, preference

Species Diversity and Herbal Medicine Utilization of Mangrove Plants: A Comparative Study among Coastal Communities in Lampung

2024-07-15T16:06:06+07:00

Biodiversity and local wisdom in mangrove ethnopharmacology are essential to study as a basis for conservation and health development. The study objectives were determining mangroves’ diversity and distribution, their use as herbal medicine, and their trusted medical properties. Vegetation analysis was employed to study the mangrove diversity. An interview and observation were conducted to study mangrove utilization. Mangrove diversity was determined by examining the diversity index. Mangrove utilization was determined by descriptive comparative analysis and calculating species use value, plant part value, and fidelity level. Total 28 species of mangroves from 15 families in Lampung. The highest mangrove diversity is in Lampung Timur (22 species; Shannon Index (H') = 1.93), followed by Pesawaran (21 species; H' = 1.96), Tulang Bawang (12 species; H' = 1.24), and Lampung Selatan (11 species H' = 0.90). Surprisingly, a species was used for different purposes in different areas. S. caeseolaris has the highest species use value of 0.1591. Leaves have the highest plant part value of 58%. R. apiculata, as an antiseptic, and S. caseolaris, as an antioxidant, have the highest fidelity level, 14%. Eight mangrove species trusted by the community have ten medical properties. This finding could be the basis for scientific studies to find new sources of medicine.

Keywords: biodiversity, costal area, ethnopharmacology, herbal medicine, mangrove

Flood Mitigation Strategies: Integrating Hydrologic Engineering Systems- River Analysis Systems for Effective Management of Paremang Watershed

2024-07-23T21:37:01+07:00

The Hydrologic Engineering System-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) model is a model that can display water surface cross-sections in both 1D and 2D forms. That way, HEC-RAS can predict the amount of peak discharge that results in flooding. This study aims to see the distribution of flood areas in the Paremang Watershed as a basic form of mitigation activity for flood events. A flood disaster analysis was conducted using the HEC-RAS model. The HEC-RAS model data includes river water discharge data from the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) analysis, which is an overlay of topography, land cover/use, soil characteristics and climate data from authorized agencies, and direct field observations. The results showed that the flood area was 2,722.38 ha, affected by high rainfall conditions, steep slopes accelerating water flow, and land cover dominated by rice fields, bushes and dry land agriculture. The condition increases surface flow, stimulating the amount of water discharged. This resulted in flooding in most of the downstream and middle areas of the Paremang Watershed in Luwu Regency. Therefore, mitigation in the form of land use planning is needed. The plan is led by the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning, which includes other sectors ranging from forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, and public works. This could support in developing policies ranging from forest rehabilitation, social forestry, community forests, expansion of agroforestry patterns, ecotourism development, and flood mitigation such as technical buildings.

Keywords: flood areas distribution, HEC-RAS model, Paremang, soil and water assessment tools, watershed

Hydrolytic Stability of Sengon-Oriented Strand Board Bonded with Hybrid Phenol-Formaldehyde/Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate Adhesives

2024-07-09T13:29:00+07:00

The hydrolytic stability of oriented strand board (OSB) is critical to guarantee good performance in humid conditions over the long term. The adhesive system impacts hydrolytic stability in addition to the wood strands. This study aims to investigate the hydrolytic stability of OSB bonded with a hybrid adhesive based on phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) modified with NaOH and CaCO₃ catalyst. PF was mixed with each catalyst at approximately 1% of the PF solids content. The pMDI was added to the mixture at 2.5% and 5% of the PF solid content. The hybrid PF/pMDI adhesives were then used for OSB production. The hydrolytic stability of OSB samples was tested at 25°C and 100°C and compared with OSB using unmodified PF as a control. After hydrolysis, OSBs with hybrid PF/pMDI adhesives had lower weight loss than control adhesives at both temperatures. The pH indicates no significant polymer dissolution from the board into the hydrolysis solution. Hybrid PF/pMDI adhesives with a CaCO₃ catalyst obtain significantly lower thickness swelling values. The findings of this study have significant implications for developing high-performance, environmentally-friendly OSB products.

Keywords: eco-friendly composite, hydrolytic stability, oriented strand board, Paraserianthes falcataria, phenol-formaldehyde

The Potential of Talisay-Dagat (Terminalia catappa L.) for Phytoremediation in Langihan Lagoon, Butuan City, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

2024-08-07T11:02:05+07:00

The study aims to determine the potential of Talisay-dagat (Terminalia catappa L.) for phytoremediation and to examine its influence on reducing concentrations of heavy metals in the soil of Langihan Lagoon, Butuan City. Soil, roots, and leaves were collected and brought to the Regional Soils Laboratory using microwave-assisted aqua-regia digestion and determination through Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. The study made use of mathematical computations such as translocation factor (TF), bioconcentration factor (BCF), and enrichment factor (EF) to determine whether the tree is a hyperaccumulator, excluder, or indicator. In the TF results, T. catappa was a hyperaccumulator for Ni and Cu, considering that the concentration exceeds one (1) while demonstrating as a possible excluder for Cr. There was also an emphasis on limited absorption of heavy metals, as evidenced by the BCF and EF value of less than 1. The results show that based on TF, BCF, and EF values, only TF shows the effectivity of restricting the root-shoot ratio translocation of Ni and Cu (TF > 1). Regression analysis found that the absorption of T. catappa was not influenced by the amount of heavy metal in the soil within the studied condition. This insight was crucial in understanding the plant’s absorption and could guide further research or practical applications in environmental management and phytoremediation.

Keywords: bioconcentration factor, hyperaccumulator, phytoremediation, Terminalia catappa, translocation factor

Anatomical Responses of Bambusa blumeana Schult.f. Treated with Alpha-Naphthalene Acetic Acid

2024-07-16T15:20:38+07:00

The underlying mechanism of bamboo anatomical responses remains poorly understood when subjected to different levels of Alpha-Naphthalene Acetic Acid (Alpha-NAA) under nursery conditions. In this paper, we aim to examine the leaf and root anatomy of the Bambusa blumeana Schult.f., a potential bioremediation alternative species, treated with 0 ppm, 100 ppm, and 200 ppm of Alpha-NAA. The experimentation was executed in a completely randomized design within a 3-month experimentation period. Freehand sectioning was performed to collect the leaf and root transverse sections, and the photomicrographs were taken and analyzed. The results revealed that 200 ppm Alpha-NAA significantly increased the diameters of leaf fusoid cells and xylem. In the roots, the thickness of the rhizodermis, sclerenchymatous layer, cortex, and pericycle, as well as the diameter of the phloem, metaxylem, and pith, were significantly affected by the treatments. Generally, there is a weak to moderate correlation between the leaf and root anatomical structures based on Pearson’s correlation and a weak to strong correlation within the organ-specific anatomical structure. Thus, our findings elucidate the potential role of exogenous auxin in inducing anatomical changes that assist the growth and propagation of B. blumeana.

Keywords: alpha-naphthalene acetic acid, bamboo, freehand sectioning, leaf anatomy, root anatomy

Unveiling the Shortcomings of Social Forestry Programs in Indonesia: A Critical Analysis of Farmer Empowerment Initiatives

2024-08-08T15:05:19+07:00

Since being designated a national strategic program under President Joko Widodo’s administration, social forestry has yet to significantly alleviate poverty or improve the welfare of communities around forests. Despite the ambitious goal of allocating 12.7 million ha through various schemes such as community forests, village forests, customary forests, community plantation forests, and forestry partnerships, the welfare indicators for forest farmers remain largely unchanged. An in-depth investigation into the shortcomings associated with this program is necessary to uncover why it has yet to achieve its fundamental objectives. A comprehensive literature review involving critical analysis of various sources-including Google Scholar, Scopus, government websites, books, and other materials totaling 95 references, was conducted to examine the various dimensions influencing this program. The results reveal several impediments, including inadequate financial support and fragmented stakeholder collaboration, insufficient operational supervision in program implementation, weak motivation and capacity in institutional management, access inequality, conflict management, and underdeveloped post-harvest processing and networking capacities. Knowledge, technology, technical management, and policy information inputs are also insufficient. Addressing these issues requires a holistic approach, beginning with enhanced technical assistance, stronger program oversight, better institutional management, and improved capacities for market-oriented management of social forestry products and services.

Keywords: critical analysis, farmer empowerment, forest management, marginalized groups, social forestry

Integrating Forest Conservation and Food Security: Managing Flood and Drought in Northern Thailand under CMIP5 Climate Projections

2024-07-26T22:56:04+07:00

Increasing food demand and climate change-induced natural disasters pose significant challenges to food security. This study examines how forest conservation can mitigate disaster risks to agricultural land in Northern Thailand’s watershed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Hydrologic Engineering Center’s-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models were used to assess flood impacts, while the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI), vegetation health index (VHI), and standardized streamflow index (SSI) evaluated drought impacts, incorporating two Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections and five land-use scenarios. Historical data shows drought causing more yield loss than floods for rice and maize, a trend expected to continue. Under future Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5, potential rice yield loss due to drought could reach 1,834 tons and maize yield loss 7,702 tons. Flood-induced losses are lower, with potential rice yield loss at 26.2 tons and maize at 16.9 tons. Reforestation can reduce these losses by up to 25% for drought and 20% for floods. Maintaining forests in mountainous and upstream watershed areas is essential to ensure food security. Policymakers should prioritize conserving these critical areas for effective water regulation and disaster risk reduction. Forests in these areas play a crucial role in regulating water flow, reducing runoff, and enhancing soil moisture retention, which is vital for mitigating the impacts of extreme weather events on agriculture.

Keywords: climate change, drought impact, ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction, flood impact, food security

The Wetu Telu Community’s Customary Chief Influence on the Management of Indigenous Forests in Bayan, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara

2024-08-06T22:01:53+07:00

The existence of an institution system and customary chief is very important for the sustainability of customary forest management. This study attempts to explain the function of the traditional chief of Wetu Telu community in the management of indigenous forests in the Bayan Sub-District, North Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, as well as the institutional framework and changes in that function. Observation, interviews, and documentation were used to collect data. The data obtained was analyzed thematically using Nvivo 12 Software, while a descriptive analysis used the Milles and Huberman Model. The results show that customary chiefs have the following roles: raise public awareness, spearhead conservation efforts, convey moral and spiritual messages, guide and oversee conservation efforts, mediate conflicts of interest related to nature, lead religious activities related to nature, and establish communication and collaboration. The institutional system of the Wetu Telu community’s customary chief consists of several components, including special requirements, an appointment mechanism, personnel, a term of office, a source of income, and a dismissal mechanism. The role of the customary chief in indigenous forest management continues to be strengthened from time to time. The reasons for strengthening the role of the customary chief are the issuance of the Constitutional Court Decision Number 35 of 2012 concerning the status of indigenous forests, the recognition of the success of local wisdom-based forest management patterns, increasing public awareness of the importance of environmental conservation, global warming, and, the development of ecotourism.

Keywords: customary chief, indigenous forest management, local government, Wetu Telu community

Indigenous Custodianship and Timber Legality Assurance System: Challenges and Opportunities for Customary Forest Management in Indonesia

2024-08-08T15:02:20+07:00

Indigenous peoples are caretakers and practitioners of a unique culture connected to their community and the surrounding environment, including forests. In Indonesia, existing regulations acknowledge the identity of indigenous peoples and the forests they oversee. This paper provided evidence of the acknowledgment of customary forests and indigenous peoples, addressing the challenges and opportunities for managing customary forest products, both timber and non-timber, under a timber legality assurance scheme. This research is essential in advocating for legal reforms that protect the rights of indigenous peoples and ensure sustainable forest management while balancing environmental conservation with local community needs. The study sought to illuminate the challenges Indigenous Peoples encounter when accessing and utilizing forests and forest products within their customary territories. It employed exploration methods to gather reliable data and information, validated through expert interviews and described using triangulation. The research concluded that legal innovations are necessary to resolve issues concerning the recognition of customary forests and indigenous peoples to enable effective forest management while safeguarding the rights of indigenous peoples socially, economically, and ecologically. In addition, legal innovations are also required to avoid breaches of timber legality assurance, which can result in forest unsustainability. To enhance the effectiveness of these reforms, it is important to foster collaboration between government bodies and indigenous communities in developing and implementing forest management policies.

Keywords: customary forests, forest governance, indigenous peoples, timber legality assurance

Development of Allometric Model for Estimating Biomass and Carbon Storage of Hybrid Eucalyptus (E. grandis x E. urophylla) in Industrial Plantation Forests of North Sumatra Province

2024-09-11T22:17:10+07:00

Hybrid eucalyptus (E. grandis × E. urophylla) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle because it grows so fast that it is necessary to know how much biomass and carbon are produced. This study aims to develop an allometric equation for estimating the biomass and carbon content stored in Eucalyptus stands. Data were obtained through destructive sampling of 75 trees, then dried in an oven and analyzed to get the most appropriate biomass value and allometric model. The study results showed that the developed polynomial model correlated well with DBH to predict biomass with an R-squared of 97.50. Age 1 with an average diameter of 3.23 cm = 2.50 tons C/ha or 9.17 tons of CO₂e, age 2 with an average diameter of 9.33 = 21.30 tons C/ha or 78.16 tons CO₂e, age 3 with an average diameter of 9.49 cm = 22.50 tons C/ha or 82.57 tons CO₂e, age 4 with an average diameter of 11.62 cm = 38.61 tons C/ha or 141.68 tons CO₂e, age 5 with an average diameter of 12.63 cm = 46.42 tons C/ha or 170.37 tons CO₂e. The carbon stock results show that as the age of the stand increases, the carbon reserves stored also increase.

Keywords: allometric model, biomass, carbon stock, hybrid eucalyptus

Ramie Fibers from Agroforestry System as Sustainable Materials for Functional Textiles: A Review

2024-09-11T21:56:29+07:00

Agroforestry system is a form of integrated land use involving forestry and agriculture, which is expected to help overcome the problems of increasing demand for agricultural land, decreasing environmental quality and poverty rates, and resulting in increasingly complex global issues. This system includes a combination of forestry crops with agricultural crops or other plants that can grow together on the same land. The application of agroforestry can improve agricultural welfare, overcome the environmental crisis and poverty, and maintain the sustainability of natural resource conservation. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) fiber is an interesting plant to cultivate using an agroforestry system. It is easy to cultivate, positively impacts the environment, and has many application benefits because it is known as a strong and long-lasting fiber. On the other hand, the textile industry in Indonesia still predominantly uses cotton fiber which has low productivity, so the value of cotton imports increases yearly. Given the increasing demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable textiles, researchers and industry stakeholders are looking for other materials that provide functionality and environmental advantages. Ramie fiber is a type of natural fiber with advantages compared to other natural fibers, such as tensile strength, mechanics, and cellulose content, which has similar characteristics to cotton so that ramie can be applied as a functional textile material to replace cotton. This review paper aims to provide an in-depth overview of all ramie fiber properties, methods, and applications for functional textiles. This article highlights the environmental benefits of ramie fiber and its potential to encourage a more sustainable textile industry, citing various sources.

Keywords: agroforestry, forestry crops, functional textile, ramie fiber, ramie’s properties

Mapping Urban Transformation: The Random Forest Algorithm to Monitor Land Use and Land Cover Change in Bandar Lampung City

2024-07-24T11:01:48+07:00

Bandar Lampung City has substantially altered its land cover due to rapid urbanization in the past decade. Landsat 8 OLI is suitable for conducting land cover change research and offers current and precise data on the present land cover. This research aimed to monitor and analyze the changes in seven categories of land use and land cover (LULC): forest, agricultural land, rice field, settlement, water body, bare land and industrial area. The land use and land cover (LULC) in Bandar Lampung City were analyzed using Landsat 8 OLI satellite images from 2013 to 2023. The Random Forest Algorithm was employed for this analysis. The LULC model assessment was carried out with a confusion matrix, resulting in almost perfect agreement for the 2013 and 2023 LULC models. The LULC classes showed an area growth in settlement of 5,526.25 ha (29.12%) and agricultural land of 1,071.63 ha (5.30%) but opposite with forest class that experienced significant area loss that reached 2,012.35 ha (-26.02%) and waterbody and industrial area 285.64 (-6.15%) and 167.67 ha (-4.04%), respectively. The findings reveal significant shifts in forest and agricultural land, highlighting the region’s rapid urbanization and deforestation patterns. These changes have practical implications for environmental management and urban planning, suggesting the need for sustainable LULC policies to prevent the impacts of rapid LULC transformations on ecosystem services and local communities.

Keywords: Bandar Lampung, K-nearest neighbors, land use and land cover change, QGIS 3.20, random forest algorithm