Jurnal Sylva Lestari

Morpho-Physiological Responses of Malabayabas (Tristaniopsis decorticata (Merr.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh.) Seedlings Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

2024-01-03T10:49:49+07:00

Malabayabas (Tristaniopsis decorticata (Merr.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh.) of the Myrtaceae family is a vulnerable endemic tree species in the Philippines. Poor development and low regeneration rates of seedlings in their natural habitats have led to a considerable population decline of the species. This study aimed to determine the morphological and physiological growth responses of T. decorticata seedlings in different soil media inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi applied once at a rate of 5 g per seedling for the entire duration of the experiment. Morphological parameters were collected using conventional methods, while physiological parameters were measured using LI-6400 XT Portable Photosynthesis System. Results of the study revealed that the morphological growth of seedlings was generally better in Bantay soil regardless of treatments than in Lipa soil. Interestingly, the net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency were generally higher in Lipa unsterilized soil inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, this study can not yet confirm the percentage of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) root colonization. Thus, further research must be conducted to determine the AMF root colonization and identify potential indigenous mycorrhizal fungi in both soil media.

Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, endemic, net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, Tristanipsis decorticata

Palatability of Cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) to the Combinations of Pellet Feed Based on Organic Value

2024-01-29T10:11:30+07:00

Cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) in captivity that were given a dominant fruit diet needed additional feed from their natural habitat because of the higher nutritional potential and fiber components. This study aims to determine the palatability of cuscus to the feed based on organic value. An experimental method was used, consisting of 4 treatment groups: 100% banana (Musa paradisiaca) as control, 70% banana mixed with 30% matoa (Pometia pinnata) leaves, 70% banana mixed with 30% ironwood (Pongamia pinnata) leaves, and 70% banana mixed with 30% crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). The results showed that banana was the most preferred feed ingredient, either alone or as a supplementary feed mixture. In terms of quantity, its mixture with matoa leaves had a higher consumption level than ironwood leaves and crickets. The consumption level of organic matter was higher in the treatment with 100% banana than in other treatments. This information will help support ex-situ and in-situ conservation programs formulated by the government and other parties, including the community.

Keywords: cuscus, feed, organic matter, palatability, Spilocuscus maculatus

Analysis of Mangrove Density using NDVI and Macrobenthos Diversity in Ampekale Tourism Village South Sulawesi, Indonesia

2023-12-11T11:56:39+07:00

The mangrove ecosystem faces significant challenges, as its quality and quantity are threatened with decline. This study aimed to analyze the mangrove density and macrobenthos diversity in the Ampekale Ecotourism Village, Indonesia. This research utilizes remote sensing image analysis through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method. Complementary ground-check surveys were conducted to ascertain the density and diversity of mangrove and macrobenthos species. The overall mangrove density in the Ampekale area was relatively high, with some areas displaying moderate density. The sequence of mangrove species, from most common to least common, includes Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora apiculata, Sonneratia alba, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, and Acanthus ilicifolius. The most prevalent macrobenthos belong to the Crustacea class, such as Uca sp., Sesarma, Metaplax sp., and Scylla serrata. Moreover, the most diverse macrobenthos belong to the Gastropods class. The distribution of this biodiversity depends on their location (coastal or inland), tidal fluctuations, and river estuaries. Mangrove ecosystems situated in estuaries with high densities exhibited elevated macrobenthos abundance. This correlation suggests that areas characterized by dense mangroves also harbor stable ecosystem conditions with abundant macrobenthos. In contrast, ecosystems featuring lower biodiversity demonstrated reduced stability. These findings contribute valuable insights into the conservation and sustainability of mangrove ecosystems.

Keywords: ecotourism, macrobenthos, mangrove density, mangrove ecosystem, NDVI

Modeling Land Cover Change Using MOLUSCE in Kahayan Tengah Forest Management Unit, Kalimantan Tengah

2024-01-09T15:15:33+07:00

A management unit-based land cover change analysis was examined in Kahayan Tengah Forest Management Unit (FMU) to understand past, present, and future land cover to assist forest management planning in Kahayan Tengah FMU. This study aims to model land cover change in 2011 and 2016, predict 2021, and simulate land cover in 2026 in Kahayan Tengah FMU. Modeling land cover prediction and simulation using MOLUSCE from the QGIS plugin. The results revealed that agricultural land experienced significant increase in total area during 2011–2016. Modeling potential land cover transitions in 2011 and 2016 with the Artificial Neural Network method showed a Kappa coefficient of 0.701 in the good category, and simulation of land cover in 2021 with the Cellular Automata method showed a Kappa coefficient of 0.672 in the good category. By 2026, the agricultural land will continue to increase while forest land tends to remain stable in its total area. This study managed to predict land cover in 2021 and simulated 2026 with good accuracy. Thus, this data and information can support forest management planning in Kahayan Tengah FMU.

Keywords: forest management unit, Kahayan Tengah, land cover change, land cover prediction, MOLUSCE

Microclimate Impacts of Land Cover Types in Halu Oleo University Botanical Garden and Its Surroundings

2024-01-29T10:59:14+07:00

Halu Oleo University (UHO) Botanical Garden is one of the green open spaces that contribute to maintaining climate stability and environmental comfort in Kendari City, along with the high land use change due to increased population and city progress. The study aimed to determine the effect of land cover types on microclimate in UHO Botanical Garden and its surroundings. The research was conducted from June 2021 to January 2022. The research was conducted on three types of vegetation land cover. The variables measured were microclimate, including light intensity, temperature, relative humidity, and temperature humidity index. Measurements were conducted in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The method used was descriptive quantitative and statistical analysis using the analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) test. The results showed that the microclimatic conditions of UHO Botanical Garden in tree-dominant land cover are more comfortable and significantly different from grass-dominant and settlement-dominant, but they are not significantly different between grass-dominant and settlement-dominant. This fact indicates the importance of the conservation of tree vegetation and the need for supervision so that there is no diversion of functions into settlements to maintain the preservation and sustainability of UHO Botanical Garden as one of the green open spaces that control climate stability and environmental comfort in Kendari City.

Keywords: botanical garden, microclimate, settlement, temperature humidity index, vegetation

Socio-Ecological Effect of Transition Landscape Dynamics from Agroforests to Monoculture Plantation in Upper Citarum Watershed

2023-12-28T22:00:12+07:00

Agroforests in many tropical countries have long been acknowledged as substantially necessary to contribute to biodiversity conservation and community livelihood. The importance of agroforest biodiversification is now overlooked and replaced by a simplified structure due to the impact of agricultural commercialization. Land use changes have occurred in the Upper Citarum Watershed over time, converting traditional agroforests into monoculture plantations at the expense of their socio-ecological function. This paper aimed to analyze land use change dynamics and the effect of biodiversity loss on the socio-economy aspect of the rural agricultural landscape in the Upper Citarum Watershed. We conducted a survey of 95 respondents of community farmers in the agricultural landscape in Sukapura and Resmi Tingal Village using questionnaire guidelines and direct interviews to gather information. There was a significant decrease in plant diversity in some plot agroforests, which, in the previous study, was dominant to be reduced even to local extinctions. The results also show that the farmer poverty index according to BPS criteria is 12.63% of respondents who are below the poverty line. Our results imply that preserving mixed-garden (talun) patches in a landscape dominated by cash-crop gardens is one of the strategies that could conserve landscape biodiversity and increasingly a sustainable livelihood.

Keywords: agriculture commercialization, agroforestry, land use change, poverty index, rural development

Local Institutions Performance in Mangrove Forest Management on Small Islands: Case Study in Buano Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia

2024-02-17T16:00:25+07:00

Mangrove forests on small islands play an essential role in the stability of island ecosystems. It is crucial to analyze the performance of local institutions in forest management to increase the community’s active role in preserving mangrove forests. This research aims to analyze the performance of local institutions managing mangroves on small islands. The research was conducted on Buano Island, Maluku, Indonesia. In-depth interviews and participant observation were used to obtain data. Data analysis uses a Situation, Structure, Behavior, and Performance (SSBP) approach. The research results show that the community is very dependent on mangrove forests. Resources are owned by the clan group (Soa) but managed by members of the clan group (family). Thus, the phenomenon occurs when common pool resources are managed by private (Dati/Nuru) proprietors. The community regulates the utilization of potential forest resources by dividing management areas controlled by each Soa/Nuru group. The preservation of natural potential on Buano Island is supervised by Kewang and Sasi culture. Applying customary rules increases the community’s active role in managing resources and supporting village management. However, mangrove forest logging activities continue to occur. This performance shows a very high decline in mangrove forest vegetation and regeneration of mangrove forests. Stakeholder support is needed to increase the knowledge and skills of the community, especially traditional leaders, in implementing sustainable forest management.

Keywords: forest management, local institution, mangrove, small island

Forest Carbon Modeling in Poplar and Black Locust Short Rotation Coppice Plantation in Hungary

2024-02-18T23:36:20+07:00

Forest carbon dynamic modeling for estimating the carbon stock in short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation in Hungary will be vital for better comprehending the role of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and poplar (Populus sp.) in carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere. The research aims were to estimate the potential carbon stock and describe the carbon distribution of the short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation above and below ground. Various sources were used to acquire parameterization data for developing forest carbon dynamic models. CO2FIX modeling V.3.2 was utilized in the data analysis to estimate the total carbon stock in biomass, soil, harvested wood products, and bioenergy compartments. Modeling has been around for 45 years. In this research, the total carbon stock of black locust and poplar at the end of the simulation period was 64.13 and 131.08 MgC.ha^-1, respectively. The average carbon allocation above and below ground for black locust and poplar was 0.76, 19.76, 1.80, and 21.67 MgC.ha^-1, respectively. In conclusion, poplar outperformed black locust regarding carbon storage in the short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation. Below ground carbon allocation was much higher than above ground. Therefore, more attention should be paid on below ground allocation through environmentally friendly soil management.

Keywords: bioenergy plantation, carbon dynamics, climate change mitigation, CO2FIX model, fast growing species

Assessing the Economic Value of Water Environmental Services in Mount Merbabu National Park

2024-01-21T16:54:47+07:00

Mount Merbabu National Park (MMNP) is a conservation area that provides environmental services (water) to surrounding villages spread across its area; however, the community has not realized its essential role. The study aims to calculate the economic benefits of water environmental services in MMNP, which the surrounding community utilizes for household needs. Primary data collection was conducted by interviews using structured questionnaires. Samples were determined using the purposive sampling method on 39 MMNP water sources. Data analysis was carried out by calculating public perceptions of water use and assessing willingness to pay for water use for household needs. The study results showed that the economic value of household water is IDR 10,700,681,768 per year, with the value of the willingness to pay the community for water utilization and conservation IDR 4,360,408,000 per year. The total economic benefit of water in the MMNP area is IDR 15,061,089,768 per year. The views and dynamics of water source management on Mount Merbabu are diverse. The water on Mount Merbabu has been a blessing, a source of conflict, a source of life, and can be a tool of political intimidation. It is necessary to make the public aware of water sources, recharge areas, and better water utilization because water has economic value.

Keywords: economic value, environmental services, Mount Merbabu National Park, water, willingness to pay

Litter Decomposition of a Deciduous Tectona philippinensis and an Evergreen Parashorea malaanonan Across Contrasting Sites

2024-03-19T15:01:43+07:00

Litter traits and site conditions alter nutrient inputs from deciduous and evergreen forests by influencing litter decomposition processes. Here, we investigated the leaf and stem mass loss rate (MLR) of a deciduous (Tectona philippinensis) and an evergreen (Parashorea malaanonan) tree species and the factors influencing it through an intersite experiment and litterbag method in secondary forests in Lobo, Batangas and Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR). Variations in initial litter quality (leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf thickness, vein density), and site factors (light intensity and temperature) were assessed. P. malaanonan has a lower SLA and vein density than T. philippinensis. The leaf and stem MLR were significantly higher in the mixed litter (44.09–57.83%) than that of a single-species litter of either T. philippinensis (28.16–41.83%) or P. malaanonan (33.60–47.66%). The leaf MLR of T. philippinensis was greater when placed in Lobo (where the litter originated) than at a different site (i.e., MMFR). Moreover, leaf litter decomposition was faster in T. philippinensis than in P. malaanonan, particularly during the rainy season. Overall, the study showed that litter decomposition in deciduous and evergreen differed across sites due to variations in litter quality and environmental variables.

Keywords: decomposability traits, home-field advantage (HFA), intersite experiment, litter quality, mass loss rate

The Effect of Synthetic and Commercial Nano-Magnetite on the Electromagnetic Absorbance Behavior of Magnetic Wood

2024-03-18T21:10:12+07:00

Magnetic wood with good electromagnetic wave absorption properties was prepared by comparing synthetic and commercial nano-magnetite (Fe₃O₄-NP) as sengon (Falcataria moluccana) wood impregnation solution. The co-precipitation method produced a synthetic nano-magnetite with NH₄OH as a weak base precursor. Meanwhile, the commercial one was purchased from a supplier. Three levels of nano-magnetite concentration (1%, 2.5%, and 5%) were dispersed in deionized water. The impregnation process was done by applying a vacuum of 0.5 bar for 120 minutes, followed by a pressure of 1 bar for 120 minutes. The results showed that the commercial nano-magnetite caused more improvements in weight percent gain, density, and hardness than the synthetic nano-magnetic, although they were insignificantly different. There was also a reduction in brightness with the overall color change being categorized into other colors because the color became darker with increasing nano-magnetite concentration in both woods. The absorbance capacity of the synthetic nano-magnetite-treated wood was larger than the commercial nano-magnetite-treated wood. This synthetic nano-magnetite-treated wood had been optimally treated at a 5% concentration, making it suitable for use as electromagnetic wave shielding material because it can absorb almost 100% electromagnetic waves.

Keywords: Fe₃O₄, impregnation, nano-magnetite, sengon wood, shielding materials

Eco-Custodians: A Contemporary Analysis of Tree Species Composition and Regeneration Health in Ramsagar and Singra National Parks, Bangladesh

2024-01-22T19:23:15+07:00

This study systematically assessed tree species composition and regeneration status within two protected national parks in Bangladesh: Singra National Park and Ramsagar National Park. We employed a stratified random quadrat method across 100 sample plots (50 quadrats from each national park of 10 m x 10 m). Our findings revealed 45 tree species belonging to 25 families. Myrtaceae and Dipterocarpaceae were the most dominant family, having a maximum number of species. We identified 16 exotic species of 10 families and 29 native species of 19 families. Phytosociological parameters like density, frequency, abundance, and importance value index (IVI) were determined. Shorea robusta with an IVI of 47.38 dominated Singra National Park, while Eucalyptus camaldulensis with an IVI of 22.67 was most important in Ramsagar National Park. Regeneration status was good for 15.56% of species, fair for 24.44%, poor for 28.89%, and absent for 17.78%. This study implied the need for collaborative conservation strategies involving policymakers, conservationists, and local communities to ensure the parks’ sustainable eco-custodianship.

Keywords: biodiversity, conservation, forest, national park, regeneration

Cover

2024-03-23T13:34:00+07:00