Carbon Footprint Analysis and Tourist Satisfaction of 4As at an Ex-situ Conservation Institution

Authors

  • Ratna Sari Hasibuan Department of Natural Resource and Environmental Management Science, IPB University; Faculty of Forestry, University of Nusa Bangsa
  • Rinekso Soekmadi Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University
  • Herry Purnomo Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University
  • Nur Budi Mulyono School of Business and Management, Bandung Institute of Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v13i2.1093

Abstract

Taman Safari Indonesia (TSI), an ex-situ conservation institution in Puncak, Bogor, has developed the 4A framework to attract more tourists and enhance visitor satisfaction and loyalty, while increasing visits revenue. It has also raised the carbon footprint of tourist transportation. This study aims to analyze the vehicle emissions of tourists and their satisfaction with 4A components to predict the likelihood of repeat visits and the subsequent rise in carbon emissions. Emissions were calculated using the IPCC 2006 Guidelines (Tier 2), and the relationship between tourist satisfaction and loyalty was assessed using the structural equation model partial least squares (SEM-PLS) method. The results indicated that CO2 emissions from tourist vehicles during holidays reached 1,482,261.96 g.CO2/h, significantly higher than the 552,732.81 g.CO2/h recorded on weekdays. The analysis also revealed that tourist satisfaction and loyalty towards the 4A components significantly positively impacted the intention to revisit, as demonstrated by the T-statistics of 5.437 and P-values of 0.000, where the more satisfied the tourists are, the more loyal they are to return to TSI.

Keywords: carbon footprint, IPCC, loyalty, satisfaction, SEM-PLS

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

10-05-2025

How to Cite

Hasibuan, R. S., Soekmadi, R., Purnomo, H., & Mulyono, N. B. (2025). Carbon Footprint Analysis and Tourist Satisfaction of 4As at an Ex-situ Conservation Institution. Jurnal Sylva Lestari, 13(2), 441–453. https://doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v13i2.1093

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 2 (2025): May

Section

Articles

Statistics

 Abstract views: 0 times
 PDF downloaded: 0 times

Metrics

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Ratna Sari Hasibuan, Rinekso Soekmadi, Herry Purnomo, Nur Budi Mulyono

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Licence that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.

Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).